信用证中的软条款
信用证中规定暂不生效条款,特定条件满足后方才生效。是指信用证开出后当时并不生效,要待通知行另行通知或修改通知书后方可生效。常见的这类条款有: THIS CREDIT WTILL BECOME OPERATIVE PROVIDED THAT THE NECESSARY AUTHORIZATION BE OBTAINED FROM EXCHANGE AUTHORITY WE SHALL INFORM YOU AS SOON AS THE AUTHORIZATION OBTAINED(本信用证必须从外汇获得授权数后方能生效,待获得授权书后立即通知你方。)
不可执行条款
苛刻条款是信用证“软条款”的又一种特征。它的特点是条款苛刻,难以执行。
常见的这类条款有:
(1)要求在装船后非常短的时间内交单或寄单的条款,如:“DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED TO US AT THE DATE OF SHIPMENT(所有单据必须要在装运日提交到我行)”。
(2)某出口商收到某进口商来证,来证规定:“信用证项下的货物必须由开证申请人指定的某位全权代表亲自检验合格后再装运;由指定人签字盖章,出具货物检验证书,并且由开证行签字盖章证实或出具的条款,“INSPECTION CERTIFICATE ISSUED AND SIGNED BY TWO EXPERTS NOMINATED BY THE APPLICANT, THESPECIMEN SIGNATURES OF THE INDIVIDUAL WHO WERE AUTHORIED TO SIGN CERTIFICATE WERE KEPT BY US (货物检验证书由申请人指定的两名专家出具并签字盖章,改签名的样本由开证行保存)”。这么复杂的手续是需要很长一段时间才能完成的,就有可能会延误装船时间。可见此条款的执行难度之大。
自相矛盾条款 相互矛盾是信用证“软条款”的另一种特征。它的特点是使受益人处于两难境地。这些条款前后矛盾,任凭受益人如何努力也很难做到单证一致。
常见的这类条款有:
(1)要求除发票外的所有单据不得显示发票编号的条款,“EXCEPT THE COMMERCIAL INVOICE AND DRAFT, DOCUMENTS PRESENTED CANNOT SHOW THE INCOICE NUMBER (除发票饿汇票外,其它提交的单据不得显示发票编号)”。
(2)非普惠制下的受惠产品却要求提交普惠制产地证(GSP FORM A)的条款,“CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN, FORM AIN2 COPIES(提交两份普惠制产地证格式A证书)”。
“陷阱”条款 “陷阱”是信用证“软条款”的第四个特征。其特点是开证人恶意设立或串通开征行恶意设立的使得不可撤销的信用证无法生效的条款。
常见的这类条款有:
(1)要求提交申请人出具或副签的单据,“SAMPLE RECEIPT ISSUED BY THE APPLICANT CERTIFYING THAT THE SHIPMENT SAMPLE SHAVE BEEN RECEIVED (要求有申请人出具的证明船样已经收到的船样收据)”。
(2)要求提交开证行出具或副签的单据,“ONE SET OF SHIPPING DOCUMENTS HAS BEEN SENT TO THE OPENING BANK AND BANK’S TELEX CONFIMING THE RECEIPT IS REQUIRED (将一套未议付的运输单据送到开征行,以及到该套单据的银行电传确认书)”。
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